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JSDA Formula Cheat Sheet
This printable cheat sheet covers the key exam formulas, shortcut reminders, common traps, and practical variations candidates use to revise faster. Premium members unlock the full expanded pack.
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Price return
(Ending Price − Beginning Price) ÷ Beginning Price × 100%
Use this to estimate the pure capital gain or loss before dividends or coupons.
Total return
(Price Gain + Income) ÷ Initial Cost × 100%
Include dividends, coupons, or other income when comparing investments.
Dividend yield
Annual Dividend ÷ Share Price × 100%
Higher yield can look attractive, but always assess sustainability and risk.
P/E ratio
Share Price ÷ Earnings Per Share
Helpful for relative valuation comparisons across companies or sectors.
Current bond yield
Annual Coupon ÷ Market Price × 100%
Quick for test questions, but different from full yield to maturity.
Simple interest
Principal × Rate × Time
One of the easiest marks if you keep the time unit consistent.
Compound growth
Principal × (1 + r)^n
Use for repeated growth over multiple periods.
Profit or loss
Sale Proceeds − Purchase Cost − Fees
Always include fees or commissions in the final result.
Coupon income
Face Value × Coupon Rate
Useful when comparing bond cash flow with purchase price.
Break-even price
Total Cost ÷ Units
Good for identifying when a trade moves from loss to profit.
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15 more advanced formulas, worked reminders, and exam traps
Loan-to-value
Loan Amount ÷ Asset Value × 100%
A higher ratio usually means more credit risk.
Capital adequacy ratio
Capital ÷ Risk-Weighted Assets × 100%
Remember it measures strength against risk exposure.
Net asset value per unit
(Assets − Liabilities) ÷ Units Outstanding
A common investment trust concept.
Sharpe-style comparison
(Return − Risk-Free Rate) ÷ Volatility
Focus on the idea of return per unit of risk.
Foreign exchange conversion
Base Amount × Exchange Rate
Read carefully whether the quote is direct or indirect.
After-tax income
Income × (1 − Tax Rate)
Questions often hide the tax effect in the wording.
Cost averaging
Total Invested ÷ Total Units Bought
Helps compare average acquisition price across time.
Margin maintenance
Equity ÷ Market Value × 100%
Watch for maintenance threshold triggers.
Portfolio weight
Position Value ÷ Portfolio Value × 100%
Useful in diversification and risk concentration questions.
Expected portfolio return
Σ(Weight × Asset Return)
Use the weighted average, not a simple average.
Inflation-adjusted return
Approx. Nominal Return − Inflation Rate
This gives a quick real-return estimate.
Accrued interest
Coupon × Days Accrued ÷ Days in Period
Often appears in bond settlement questions.
Redemption gain/loss
Redemption Value − Purchase Price
Add coupon effects if the question asks for total gain.
Expense ratio impact
Gross Return − Fund Costs
A small annual cost can materially reduce long-run return.
Target score tracking
Correct Answers Needed ÷ Total Questions × 100%
Useful for estimating the pass threshold during mocks.
Quick exam tips
- Write the structure of the formula before inserting numbers.
- Check whether the question wants a percentage or a raw number.
- Watch for wording that includes fees, dividends, or time periods.
- Use repetition so the formulas feel automatic before exam day.
- Pair this cheat sheet with flashcards and timed mocks for maximum retention.